Atopic dermatitis (AD), which is also known as atopic eczema (or commonly mentioned as eczema) is a genetically predisposed chronic condition that often runs in the family along with asthma and allergic rhinitis. AD often occurs at an early age. Many patients improve with time and some may recover. The defect in the skin barrier composition leads to dry and sensitive skin. The immune system overreacts to a substance resulting in the allergy symptoms. The initial manifestations are intensely itchy rashes with oozing. Later the affected areas may turn dark, thick, and leathery.
What are the aggravating factors?
Patients often experience repeated flare-ups. The aggravating factors may differ among individuals. Common triggers are:
- Sweat
- Low humidity
- Household irritants (detergents)
- Harsh soaps
- Fragrance
- Dust mites
- Pet danders
- Wool
- Food allergens
- Skin infections
- Emotional stress etc.
Habitual scratching often worsens an improving condition. Avoidance of these factors is advisable. Occasionally, flare-ups can occur without apparent reason.
Treatment
Although there is no cure to the disease, treatment is available to increase the disease-free interval. Long term skincare requires using non-soap cleansers and regular moisturizer application. Keeping the skin moist and supple all day long reduces itch and frequency of flare-ups. This is especially important during the periods where the skin looks better (the time when most people would stop applying creams). Moisturizers should be non-perfumed and contain minimal preservatives. During a shower, use warm water and non-soap cleansers. Avoid prolonged bathing time (< 15minutes). Pat dry the skin instead of rubbing and immediately apply the moisturizer liberally.
Targeted treatment of the active eczema rashes should follow the prescription and advice of your doctor. Failure of AD to improve is often due to non-adherence to the treatment regime. One of the major obstacles is parental fear of adverse effects of the medications which can be avoided with appropriate use. Always feel free to discuss your concerns during the consultations to achieve the best outcome possible.
Article by:
Dr. Ng Fei Yin
Visiting Dermatologist in Sri Kota Specialist Medical Centre.
